1. The production possibility curve (PPC) in Figure 1 below shows different combinations of clothes and shoes that can be produced by a country. Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.
   

   
   
   (a) State three efficient combinations of clothes and shoes that can be produced.
   [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×
   

   Remains that are objects of archaeological studies.

   Iron and Copper Artifacts – Tools, weapons, and jewelry made from iron and copper provide evidence of local metalworking practices. These materials show advancements in technology and trade in the region during the pre-colonial and early colonial periods.

   Human Remains – Skeletons or burial sites can offer insight into the physical anthropology of past populations, as well as burial practices, health, and social organization.

   Stone Tools – Early stone tools such as axes, scrapers, and grinding stones were used by pre-colonial societies in Liberia for tasks like hunting, fishing, and processing food.

   
   
   
   

   (b) Identify two points that are unattainable in production. Give a reason for your answer.
   [3 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×
   

   Problems associated with archaeology.

   Preservation of Sites and Artifacts – Many artifacts and sites break down over time due to weather or natural decay. This makes it hard to study and preserve them for the future.

   Looting and Illegal Excavation – Some people dig up and steal artifacts illegally. This destroys important information and prevents proper study.

   Funding and Resources – Archaeological digs require a lot of money and equipment. Without enough funds, many important sites can’t be properly explored.

   Bias and Interpretation – Archaeologists might see things in their own way, which can affect how they understand the past. Different people might interpret the same evidence in different ways.

   
   
   
   

   (c) Identify two points that are inefficient in production. Give a reason for your answer.
   [3 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×
   

   Problems associated with archaeology.

   Preservation of Sites and Artifacts – Many artifacts and sites break down over time due to weather or natural decay. This makes it hard to study and preserve them for the future.

   Looting and Illegal Excavation – Some people dig up and steal artifacts illegally. This destroys important information and prevents proper study.

   Funding and Resources – Archaeological digs require a lot of money and equipment. Without enough funds, many important sites can’t be properly explored.

   Bias and Interpretation – Archaeologists might see things in their own way, which can affect how they understand the past. Different people might interpret the same evidence in different ways.

   
   
   
   

   (d) What is the opportunity cost of shifting from point L to P?
   [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×
   

   Problems associated with archaeology.

   Preservation of Sites and Artifacts – Many artifacts and sites break down over time due to weather or natural decay. This makes it hard to study and preserve them for the future.

   Looting and Illegal Excavation – Some people dig up and steal artifacts illegally. This destroys important information and prevents proper study.

   Funding and Resources – Archaeological digs require a lot of money and equipment. Without enough funds, many important sites can’t be properly explored.

   Bias and Interpretation – Archaeologists might see things in their own way, which can affect how they understand the past. Different people might interpret the same evidence in different ways.

   
   
   
   

   (e)     (i) State two things the country can do in order to produce at point R?R?
   [4 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×
   

   Problems associated with archaeology.

   Preservation of Sites and Artifacts – Many artifacts and sites break down over time due to weather or natural decay. This makes it hard to study and preserve them for the future.

   Looting and Illegal Excavation – Some people dig up and steal artifacts illegally. This destroys important information and prevents proper study.

   Funding and Resources – Archaeological digs require a lot of money and equipment. Without enough funds, many important sites can’t be properly explored.

   Bias and Interpretation – Archaeologists might see things in their own way, which can affect how they understand the past. Different people might interpret the same evidence in different ways.

   
   
   
   

   (e)     (iI) If there is a parallel shift of the curve to point R, what does it signify in the economy?
   [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×
   

   Problems associated with archaeology.

   Preservation of Sites and Artifacts – Many artifacts and sites break down over time due to weather or natural decay. This makes it hard to study and preserve them for the future.

   Looting and Illegal Excavation – Some people dig up and steal artifacts illegally. This destroys important information and prevents proper study.

   Funding and Resources – Archaeological digs require a lot of money and equipment. Without enough funds, many important sites can’t be properly explored.

   Bias and Interpretation – Archaeologists might see things in their own way, which can affect how they understand the past. Different people might interpret the same evidence in different ways.

   
   
   
   
   
   

2. Table 1 below shows the relationship between the input of labour employed and the output of wheat produced on 3 hectares of land. 1 kg of wheat is sold for $ 1.00 and the wage rate per labour is $ 5.00. Study the table and answer the questions that follow.

   
   
   (a) Calculate the average product of labour when the labour input employed is:
   
       (i)    1;
               [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The Poro Society role in the development of traditional Liberian society

   Teaching Boys to Become Men: The Poro Society helped young boys grow into men. They taught them how to be responsible adults through special ceremonies and lessons.

   Passing on Culture and Traditions: The Poro Society helped teach young people about the customs, stories, and history of their people, keeping their culture alive.

   Teaching Right and Wrong: Members of the Poro Society taught young people the rules of good behavior, like being honest, respectful, and brave, to help keep peace in the community.

   Solving Problems: The Poro Society helped solve problems and settle fights between people. They made sure everyone followed the community’s rules and lived in peace.

   Helping with Work and Cooperation: The Poro Society encouraged people to work together, like farming and sharing resources. This helped the whole community work better together.

   
   
   
   

       (ii)    3;
               [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The Poro Society role in the development of traditional Liberian society

   Teaching Boys to Become Men: The Poro Society helped young boys grow into men. They taught them how to be responsible adults through special ceremonies and lessons.

   Passing on Culture and Traditions: The Poro Society helped teach young people about the customs, stories, and history of their people, keeping their culture alive.

   Teaching Right and Wrong: Members of the Poro Society taught young people the rules of good behavior, like being honest, respectful, and brave, to help keep peace in the community.

   Solving Problems: The Poro Society helped solve problems and settle fights between people. They made sure everyone followed the community’s rules and lived in peace.

   Helping with Work and Cooperation: The Poro Society encouraged people to work together, like farming and sharing resources. This helped the whole community work better together.

   
   
   
   

   (b) Calculate the marginal product of labour at all levels of labour input employed.
   [8 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The Poro Society role in the development of traditional Liberian society

   Teaching Boys to Become Men: The Poro Society helped young boys grow into men. They taught them how to be responsible adults through special ceremonies and lessons.

   Passing on Culture and Traditions: The Poro Society helped teach young people about the customs, stories, and history of their people, keeping their culture alive.

   Teaching Right and Wrong: Members of the Poro Society taught young people the rules of good behavior, like being honest, respectful, and brave, to help keep peace in the community.

   Solving Problems: The Poro Society helped solve problems and settle fights between people. They made sure everyone followed the community’s rules and lived in peace.

   Helping with Work and Cooperation: The Poro Society encouraged people to work together, like farming and sharing resources. This helped the whole community work better together.

   
   
   
   

   (c) At what level(s) of labour input employed is the farmer experiencing:
   
       (i)    increasing returns;
               [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The Poro Society role in the development of traditional Liberian society

   Teaching Boys to Become Men: The Poro Society helped young boys grow into men. They taught them how to be responsible adults through special ceremonies and lessons.

   Passing on Culture and Traditions: The Poro Society helped teach young people about the customs, stories, and history of their people, keeping their culture alive.

   Teaching Right and Wrong: Members of the Poro Society taught young people the rules of good behavior, like being honest, respectful, and brave, to help keep peace in the community.

   Solving Problems: The Poro Society helped solve problems and settle fights between people. They made sure everyone followed the community’s rules and lived in peace.

   Helping with Work and Cooperation: The Poro Society encouraged people to work together, like farming and sharing resources. This helped the whole community work better together.

   
   
   
   

       (ii)    diminishing returns?;
               [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The Poro Society role in the development of traditional Liberian society

   Teaching Boys to Become Men: The Poro Society helped young boys grow into men. They taught them how to be responsible adults through special ceremonies and lessons.

   Passing on Culture and Traditions: The Poro Society helped teach young people about the customs, stories, and history of their people, keeping their culture alive.

   Teaching Right and Wrong: Members of the Poro Society taught young people the rules of good behavior, like being honest, respectful, and brave, to help keep peace in the community.

   Solving Problems: The Poro Society helped solve problems and settle fights between people. They made sure everyone followed the community’s rules and lived in peace.

   Helping with Work and Cooperation: The Poro Society encouraged people to work together, like farming and sharing resources. This helped the whole community work better together.

   
   
   
   
   (d) From your answers in (c)(ii) above, give a reason for the diminishing marginal product of labour.
   [4 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The Poro Society role in the development of traditional Liberian society

   Teaching Boys to Become Men: The Poro Society helped young boys grow into men. They taught them how to be responsible adults through special ceremonies and lessons.

   Passing on Culture and Traditions: The Poro Society helped teach young people about the customs, stories, and history of their people, keeping their culture alive.

   Teaching Right and Wrong: Members of the Poro Society taught young people the rules of good behavior, like being honest, respectful, and brave, to help keep peace in the community.

   Solving Problems: The Poro Society helped solve problems and settle fights between people. They made sure everyone followed the community’s rules and lived in peace.

   Helping with Work and Cooperation: The Poro Society encouraged people to work together, like farming and sharing resources. This helped the whole community work better together.

   
   
   
   




SECTION B

Answer three questions only from this section.




3. (a) Define elasticity of demand.
   [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   Elasticity of Demand

   Elasticity of demand refers to how much the quantity demanded of a product or service changes when its price changes. If the quantity demand changes a lot with a small price change, it is called "elastic." If the demand doesn't change much, it is called "inelastic." It measures how sensitive people are to price changes.

   
   
   
   
   

   (b) Explain the effect of price elasticity of demand on:
       (i)    government policy of currency devaluation as it affects imports;
               [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The effect of price elasticity of demand on government policy of currency devaluation as it affect imports

   When the government lowers the value of the country’s money (that’s currency devaluation), things that are imported from other countries become more expensive. How people react to this price increase depends on how much they need or want the imported goods.

   Inelastic: If people really need the imports, even though the price goes up, they won’t stop buying much (this is called inelastic demand). So, if the demand for imports is inelastic, the devaluation won’t help much in cutting down imports because people still need those goods.

   Elastic: But if people can find alternatives or they don’t need the imports that much, they will cut back on buying them when prices go up (this is called elastic demand). In this case, devaluation can reduce imports because people are more willing to switch to cheaper, local options.

   So, the government needs to understand whether people will keep buying the imports at higher prices or not. If people keep buying, then devaluation might not help reduce imports. If they stop buying, then devaluation can help cut imports and balance things out.

   
   
   
   
   

       (ii)    the total revenue of a monopolist;
               [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The effect of price elasticity of demand on the total revenue of a monopolist

   When a monopolist (a business that is the only one selling a product) changes the price of what they’re selling, it affects how much money they make. This is where price elasticity of demand comes in – it's just a fancy way of saying how much people will change how much they buy when the price goes up or down.

   If the demand is elastic (PED > 1): This means that if the monopolist lowers the price, a lot more people will buy the product. So, the monopolist will make more money even though they dropped the price, because more people are buying it.

   If the demand is inelastic (PED < 1):This means that if the monopolist lowers the price, not many more people will buy the product. So, they’ll make less money because the price drop isn’t making up for the fewer sales.

   If the demand is unitary elastic (PED = 1): This means if the monopolist changes the price, the extra people who buy or don’t buy balance out perfectly. So, total revenue stays the same.

   The monopolist has to know how people will react to price changes. If people are sensitive to price (elastic), they can lower prices to make more sales and make more money. But if people aren’t that sensitive (inelastic), they might just keep the price high and make more cash.

   
   
   
   
   

       (iii)    the total revenue of a government from an indirect tax.
               [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The effect of price elasticity of demand on the total revenue of a government from an indirect tax.

   When the government adds a tax to something, how much money they make depends on how people react to the price change.

   Elastic Demand: If the price goes up because of the tax, people might stop buying so much. The government won’t make much money because the price increase makes people buy less, and the loss in sales hurts the revenue.

   Inelastic Demand: If the price goes up and people still buy almost the same amount, the government makes more money. That’s because people keep buying even though the price went up, so the government collects more from the tax.

   Unitary Elastic Demand: In this case, the price change doesn’t affect how much people buy too much. The government’s total revenue stays about the same.

   In short, if people don’t mind the price going up, the government makes more money. If they care, the government might lose out.

   
   
   
   
   

4. (a) Define minimum wage.
         [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   Minimum Wage

   Minimum wage is the lowest amount of money that employers are allowed to pay their workers. This amount is set by the government to make sure workers earn enough to meet basic living costs.

   It helps ensure that employees are paid fairly and that businesses don't pay less than what is considered a reasonable wage. The minimum wage can vary depending on the country, state, or city.

   
   
   
   
   

   (b) Identify any Two factors that can encourage an employer to offer a higher wage rate are:
         [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   Two factors that can encourage an employer to offer a higher wage rate are:

   1. High demand for skilled labor: When there is a shortage of workers who have the skills needed for certain jobs, employers may have to pay more to attract the right people. For example, in industries like tech or healthcare, where special training or education is required, employers compete for a small number of skilled workers. To make their job offers more appealing, employers may raise wages.
   
   
   
   2. Increased cost of living: When the prices of everyday things like food, housing, and transportation go up, workers need more money to cover these costs. Employers often respond by raising wages to help employees manage the higher living expenses. This ensures workers can still afford the basics and stay motivated to work.

      Employers also want to keep their workers happy and reduce the risk of them leaving for better-paying opportunities. By increasing wages in line with the rising cost of living, companies show they care about their employees' well-being and want to retain their staff.

   
   
   
   
   

   (c) With the aid of a diagram, explain how fixing a minimum wage can create unemployment.
         [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

5. (a) Define cash crop production.
         [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The formation of the Commonwealth of Liberia in 1839.

   Unification of Settlements: The need to unite the various settlements established by freed African Americans along the coast, such as Monrovia, Greenville, and Buchanan, motivated the formation. This unity strengthened the governance and coordination of resources.

   Protection from External Threats: The settlers faced threats from indigenous groups and European colonial powers. The Commonwealth provided a collective defense structure to ensure the security and stability of the settlements.

   Self-Governance: The desire for greater autonomy from the American Colonization Society (ACS) influenced the creation of the Commonwealth. It allowed settlers to exercise more control over their political and economic affairs.

   Economic Development: The settlers wanted to work together to improve farming, trade, and business opportunities to make life better for everyone. They believed a strong economy would help the settlements grow and become more self-sufficient.

   Creating a Shared Identity: The Commonwealth sought to foster a collective identity among settlers of African descent. The settlers aimed to create a sense of unity by embracing their shared history and culture. They wanted to build a community where everyone felt connected and worked together to establish a new home.

   
   
   
   
   

   (b) Explain any three contributions of cash crop production to the economy of a country.
         [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

   (c) Identify any three causes of unstable incomes of cash crop farmers.
         [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

6. (a) Explain the following concepts:
       (i)    per capita income;
               [3 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   Americo-Liberian impact on the indigenous people of Liberia

   Political Changes: The settlers created a new government based on the United States, with a president and a constitution. This system took power away from the local leaders and gave it to the settlers.

   Culture and Religion: The settlers introduced Christianity and Western ways of life. They built schools that taught English and often looked down on indigenous beliefs and traditions.

   Land Ownership: The settlers took land from indigenous people to build farms and settlements. Many indigenous groups were forced to move and work for the settlers on their land.

   Economic Changes: The settlers started large farms growing crops like rubber, which changed how people made a living. Indigenous people were sometimes forced to work on these farms for little pay.

   Education and Language: The settlers set up schools that taught in English, not local languages. This made it harder for indigenous people to keep their own languages and ways of learning.

   
   
   
   
   

       (ii)    standard of living.
               [3 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

   (b) Describe the relationship between per capita income and standard of living.
         [5 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

   (c) Highlight any three problems involved in calculating national income using the income approach.
         [9 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

7. (a) With an example, define public expenditure.
         [3 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

   (b) Explain how public expenditure can be managed in order to:
       (i)    curb inflation;
               [4 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   Americo-Liberian impact on the indigenous people of Liberia

   Political Changes: The settlers created a new government based on the United States, with a president and a constitution. This system took power away from the local leaders and gave it to the settlers.

   Culture and Religion: The settlers introduced Christianity and Western ways of life. They built schools that taught English and often looked down on indigenous beliefs and traditions.

   Land Ownership: The settlers took land from indigenous people to build farms and settlements. Many indigenous groups were forced to move and work for the settlers on their land.

   Economic Changes: The settlers started large farms growing crops like rubber, which changed how people made a living. Indigenous people were sometimes forced to work on these farms for little pay.

   Education and Language: The settlers set up schools that taught in English, not local languages. This made it harder for indigenous people to keep their own languages and ways of learning.

   
   
   
   
   

       (ii)    reduce unemployment.
               [4 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

   (c) Outline any three sources of funds for financing public expenditure.
         [9 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

8. (a) Differentiate between the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
         [2 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The formation of the Commonwealth of Liberia in 1839.

   Unification of Settlements: The need to unite the various settlements established by freed African Americans along the coast, such as Monrovia, Greenville, and Buchanan, motivated the formation. This unity strengthened the governance and coordination of resources.

   Protection from External Threats: The settlers faced threats from indigenous groups and European colonial powers. The Commonwealth provided a collective defense structure to ensure the security and stability of the settlements.

   Self-Governance: The desire for greater autonomy from the American Colonization Society (ACS) influenced the creation of the Commonwealth. It allowed settlers to exercise more control over their political and economic affairs.

   Economic Development: The settlers wanted to work together to improve farming, trade, and business opportunities to make life better for everyone. They believed a strong economy would help the settlements grow and become more self-sufficient.

   Creating a Shared Identity: The Commonwealth sought to foster a collective identity among settlers of African descent. The settlers aimed to create a sense of unity by embracing their shared history and culture. They wanted to build a community where everyone felt connected and worked together to establish a new home.

   
   
   
   
   

   (b) Outline four contributions of the World Bank to the economic development of a country.
         [6 marks]
   

   Answer

   ×

   The expansion of Liberian territory between 1822 and 1839

   American Colonization Society (ACS): The ACS sent free African Americans and former slaves to Africa to start a new life. In 1822, they set up a colony in Liberia, which grew as more people arrived.

   Land Deals with Local People: The settlers made agreements with local African groups to buy land. Over time, they gained more land for farming and building settlements.

   Defending the Settlements: The settlers had to protect themselves from local tribes who resisted their presence. To do this, they created militias and forts, which helped them control more land.

   European Competition: European countries like Britain and France wanted to control parts of West Africa. Liberia needed to defend its land and make sure other countries didn't take it.

   More Settlers Arriving: As more free African Americans came to Liberia, they created new settlements and helped the colony expand by claiming more land.

   
   
   
   
   

END OF PAPER